I. Tirohanga whānui o te ahumahi
Ko te kakara e pā ana ki ngā momo mea kakara taiao me ngā mea kakara hangai hei rauemi mata matua, me ētahi atu rauemi āwhina e ai ki tētahi tauira me te tukanga whaitake hei whakarite i tētahi momo kakara o te ranunga matatini, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā momo hua kakara katoa. Ko te kakara he kupu whānui mō ngā matū kakara i tangohia, i whiwhi rānei mā ngā tikanga hangai hangai, ā, he wāhanga nui o ngā matū pai. Ko te kakara he hua motuhake e pā tata ana ki te oranga pāpori o te tangata, e mōhiotia ana ko te "monosodium glutamate ahumahi", e whakamahia whānuitia ana ōna hua i roto i te ahumahi kai, te ahumahi matū o ia rā, te ahumahi rongoā, te ahumahi tupeka, te ahumahi kakahu, te ahumahi hiako me ētahi atu ahumahi.
I ngā tau tata nei, he maha ngā kaupapa here kua whakatakoto i ngā whakaritenga teitei ake mō te whakahaere i te umanga kakara me te kakara, te haumaru, te whakahaere taiao, me te kanorau kai. Mō te haumaru, e whakaaro ana te kaupapa here ki te "whakatairanga i te hanganga o tētahi pūnaha whakahaere haumaru kai hou", me te whakawhanake kaha i te hangarau me te tukatuka kakara taiao; Mō te whakahaere taiao, e whakanui ana te kaupapa here i te hiahia ki te whakatutuki i te "ahurea matomato iti-waro, taiao", me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga paerewa me te haumaru o te umanga kakara me te kakara; Mō te kanorau kai, e akiaki ana te kaupapa here i te panoni me te whakapai ake i te umanga kai, kia whakatairangahia ai te whanaketanga o te umanga kakara me te kakara i raro iho. Hei ahumahi hanga rauemi mata matū me ngā hua matū, ko te taiao kaupapa here pakari ake ka nui ake te pēhanga o ngā pakihi iti me te whakahaere taiao ngoikore, ā, he pai ngā whai wāhitanga whanaketanga mō ngā pakihi me te tauine me ngā tikanga whakahaere taiao.
Ko ngā rauemi mata o te kakara me te kakara ko te miniti, te rēmana, te rōhi, te lavender, te vetiver me ētahi atu tipu kakara, me te musk, te ambergris me ētahi atu kararehe (kara). Ko te mea nui, ko te taha whakarunga o tana mekameka ahumahi e kapi ana i te ahuwhenua, te ngahere, te whakatipu kararehe me te maha atu o ngā mara, tae atu ki te whakato, te whakatipu uri, te pūtaiao me te hangarau ahuwhenua, te hauhake me te tukatuka me ētahi atu hononga taketake e ahu mai ana i ngā rauemi. I te mea he mea nui ngā kakara me ngā kakara ki te kai, ngā hua tiaki kiri, te tupeka, te inu, te whāngai kararehe me ētahi atu ahumahi, ko ēnei ahumahi te taha whakararo o te ahumahi kakara me ngā kakara. I ngā tau tata nei, me te whanaketanga o ēnei ahumahi whakararo, kua piki haere te tono mō ngā kakara me ngā kakara, ā, kua piki ake ngā whakaritenga mō ngā hua kakara me ngā kakara.
2. Te tūnga whanaketanga
I te whanaketanga ōhanga o ngā whenua o te ao (ina koa ko ngā whenua whakawhanake), te whakapai tonu i ngā taumata kai, te piki haere o ngā hiahia o te tangata mō te kounga o te kai me ngā mea e hiahiatia ana i ia rā, kua tere ake te whanaketanga o te umanga mea kakara o te ao nā te whanaketanga o te ahumahi me te kukume o ngā taonga kaihoko. Neke atu i te 6,000 ngā momo hua kakara me te kakara o te ao, ā, kua piki ake te rahi o te mākete mai i te $24.1 piriona i te tau 2015 ki te $29.9 piriona i te tau 2023, me te tere tipu whakakotahi o te 3.13%.
Ko te whakaputanga me te whanaketanga o te umanga kakara me te kakara, e rite ana ki te whanaketanga o te kai, te inu, te matū o ia rā me ētahi atu umanga tautoko, nā te tere o ngā huringa o te umanga o raro, e akiaki ana i te whanaketanga tonu o te umanga kakara me te kakara, kei te whakapai tonu te kounga o ngā hua, kei te piki haere tonu ngā momo, ā, kei te piki haere te putanga i ia tau. I te tau 2023, i eke te whakaputanga kakara me te kakara o Haina ki te 1.371 miriona tana, he pikinga 2.62%, ki te whakataurite ki te putanga i te tau 2017 i piki ake mā te 123,000 tana, ā, ko te tere tipu matū i ngā tau e rima kua hipa tata ki te 1.9%. Mō te rahi o te wāhanga mākete katoa, he nui ake te wāhanga o te mara kakara, e 64.4%, ā, ko ngā mea kakara e 35.6%.
I te whanaketanga o te ōhanga o Haina me te whakapainga o ngā paerewa oranga ā-motu, me te whakawhiti ā-motu o te umanga kakara o te ao, kei te tipu haere te tono me te tuku kakara i Haina i ngā taha e rua, ā, kei te tere te whanaketanga o te umanga kakara, ā, kei te whānui haere tonu te tauine mākete. Whai muri i ngā tau o te whanaketanga tere, kua āta whakaotihia hoki e te umanga kakara ā-rohe te whakawhiti mai i te hanga awheawhe iti ki te hanga ahumahi, mai i te whakatauira hua ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga motuhake, mai i ngā taputapu kawemai ki te hoahoa me te hanga motuhake o ngā taputapu ngaio, mai i te aromatawai i ngā kare ā-roto ki te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau taputapu tino tika, mai i te whakaurunga o ngā kaimahi hangarau ki te whakangungu motuhake o ngā kaimahi ngaio, mai i te kohikohi rauemi mohoao ki te whakaurunga me te whakatipu me te whakatū turanga. Kua āta whanake te umanga hanga kakara ā-rohe ki tētahi pūnaha ahumahi tino pai ake. I te tau 2023, i eke te tauine mākete kakara me te kakara o Haina ki te 71.322 piriona yuan, ko te hea o te mākete kakara he 61%, ā, ko ngā mea kakara he 39%.
3. Te whenua whakataetae
I tēnei wā, e tino kitea ana te whanaketanga o te umanga kakara me te hinu kakara o Haina. Ko Haina hoki te kaihanga nui rawa atu o ngā kakara me ngā hinu kakara taiao o te ao. I te nuinga o te wā, kua tere te whanaketanga o te umanga kakara me te hinu kakara o Haina, ā, kua tino ahu whakamua, ā, kua puta mai hoki he maha ngā umanga auaha motuhake. I tēnei wā, ko ngā umanga matua o te umanga kakara me te hinu kakara o Haina ko Jiaxing Zhonghua Chemical Co., LTD., Huabao International Holdings Co., LTD., China Bolton Group Co., LTD., Aipu Fragrance Group Co., LTD.
I ngā tau tata nei, kua kaha te whakatinanatanga a te Rōpū Bolton i te rautaki whanaketanga auaha, kua piki ake te haumi ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga pūtaiao me te hangarau, kua mau tonu te noho ki te hangarau kakara, te hanga koiora, te tango tipu taiao me ētahi atu whenua pūtaiao me te hangarau, me te maia ki te whakatinana me te whakamahere i te mahere whanaketanga, te hanga i te whakataetae matua o te hinonga, te whakawhānui i ngā ahumahi hou o te heke mai pēnei i te koiora koiora, te hikareti hiko, te hauora me te hauora, ā, kua whakatakoto i te turanga pakari mo te whakarewatanga o te turanga rautau-tawhito. I te tau 2023, ko te moni whiwhi katoa o te Rōpū Bolton he 2.352 piriona yuan, he pikinga o te 2.89%.
4. Te au whanaketanga
Mō te wā roa, kua roa a Ūropi ki te Hauāuru, te Hononga o Amerika, a Hapani me ētahi atu rohe e pupuri ana i te tuku me te tono mō ngā kakara me ngā mea kakara. Engari ko te Hononga o Amerika, Tiamana, Wīwī me te Hononga o Peretānia, kua pakeke kē ā rātou mākete ā-rohe, me whakawhirinaki ki ngā whenua whakawhanake hei whakawhānui i ā rātou kaupapa haumi me te noho whakataetae. I roto i te mākete kakara me te mea kakara o te ao, kua noho ko ngā whenua tuatoru o te ao me ngā rohe pēnei i a Āhia, Ōteania me Amerika ki te Tonga hei wāhi whakataetae matua mō ngā umanga matua. Ko te rohe o Āhia-Moana-nui-a-Kiwa te mea tino kaha te tono, he nui ake i te tere tipu toharite o te ao.
1, ka piki haere tonu te hiahia o te ao mō ngā mea kakara me ngā kakara. Mai i te āhua o te umanga mea kakara me te kakara o te ao i ngā tau tata nei, kei te piki haere te hiahia o te ao mō ngā mea kakara me te kakara i te tere o te 5% ia tau. I runga i te whanaketanga pai o te umanga mea kakara me te kakara i tēnei wā, ahakoa he puhoi te whanaketanga o te umanga mea kakara i te nuinga o ngā whenua whakawhanake, he nui tonu te pūmanawa mākete o ngā whenua whakawhanake, kei te whanake tonu te umanga tukatuka kai me te hanga hua kaihoko, kei te piki haere tonu ngā taumata hua motu whānui me ngā taumata moni whiwhi whaiaro, ā, kei te kaha te haumi o te ao, ka whakarei ake ēnei āhuatanga i te hiahia o te ao mō ngā mea kakara me ngā kakara.
2. He whānui ngā tirohanga whanaketanga mō ngā whenua whakawhanake. Mō te wā roa, kua roa a Ūropi ki te Hauāuru, te Hononga o Amerika, Hapani me ētahi atu rohe e pupuri ana i te tuku me te tono mō ngā kakara me ngā mea kakara. Heoi, ko te Hononga o Amerika, Tiamana, Wīwī me te Hononga o Peretānia, kua pakari kē ā rātou mākete ā-rohe, me whakawhirinaki ki ngā mākete whānui i ngā whenua whakawhanake hei whakawhānui i ngā kaupapa haumi me te noho whakataetae. I roto i te mākete kakara me te mea kakara o te ao, kua noho ko ngā whenua tuatoru o te ao me ngā rohe pēnei i a Āhia, Ōteania me Amerika ki te Tonga hei wāhi whakataetae matua mō ngā umanga matua. Ko te hiahia nui rawa atu i te rohe o Āhia-Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.
3, ko ngā umanga kakara me te kakara o te ao ki te whakawhānui ake i te mara o te kakara me te kakara tupeka. I te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga tupeka o te ao, te hanganga o ngā waitohu nui, me te whakapai ake i ngā kāwai tupeka, kei te piki haere hoki te tono mō ngā kakara me ngā kakara tupeka kounga teitei. Kei te whakatuwheratia anō te wāhi whanaketanga o te kakara me te kakara tupeka, ā, ka haere tonu te whakawhānui ake o ngā umanga kakara me te kakara o te ao ki te mara o te kakara me te kakara tupeka a meake nei.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-05-2024