Anei he wehewehenga taipitopito:
1. Te Matū: He aha te take o te Isomerism i roto i nga Lactones
Mo nga lactones penei i te δ-Decalactone, ko te tohu "cis" me te "trans" ehara i te korero mo te hononga takirua (penei i roto i nga ngota ngota penei i te waikawa ngako) engari ki te matūtanga o te matū i nga pokapu chiral e rua i runga i te mowhiti. Ka hangaia e te hanganga mowhiti he ahuatanga e rerekee ai te takotoranga mokowhiti o nga ngota hauwai me te mekameka alkyl e pa ana ki te rererangi mowhiti.
· cis-Isomer: Ko nga ngota hauwai kei runga i nga ngota waro e tika ana kei te taha kotahi o te rererangi mowhiti. Ka hangaia e tenei he ahua motuhake, he herea ake.
· Trans-Isomer: Ko nga ngota hauwai kei nga taha rereke o te rererangi mowhiti. Ka puta he ahua rereke, he iti ake te riaka, he hanga rapoi.
Ko enei rereke rereke o te ahua ka puta he rereketanga nui i roto i te taunekeneke o te ngota ngota ki nga kaiwhakawhiwhi hongi, na reira, ko te ahua o te kakara.
2. Wehenga i roto i te Natural vs. SyntheticMiraka Lactone
Pūtake Angamaheni cis Isomer Owehenga Tikanga Ahua Trans Isomer Weahanga Take Matua
Maori (mai i te Miraka) > 99.5% (E whai hua ana 100%) < 0.5% (Whakaahua, ngaro ranei) Ko te ara koiora enzymatic i roto i te kau he stereospecific, ka puta ko te (R)-ahua anake e ahu atu ana ki te cis-lactone.
Hangaia ~70% – 95% ~5% – 30% Ko te nuinga o nga huarahi whakahiato matū (hei tauira, mai i te petrochemical, waikawa ricinoleic ranei) kaore i te tino motuhake, ka puta he ranunga o nga iota (he racemate). Ko te ōwehenga tika ka whakawhirinaki ki te tukanga motuhake me nga taahiraa purenga.
3. Te Painga Purongo: He aha te take i tino nui ai te Isomer cis
Ehara i te mea he mahi matū tenei ohanga inemate; he awe tika me te kaha ki runga i te kounga tairongo:
· cis-δ-Decalactone: Koinei te isomer me te tino utu nui, te kaha, te kirikiri, te rite ki te pītiti, me te kakara miraka. Koia te pūhui pānga-āhua mōMiraka Lactone.
· trans-δ-Decalactone: He tino ngoikore, he iti ake te ahua o tenei isomer, he kakara "matomato" he "momoko" ranei. He iti rawa te whai waahi ki te ahua kirikiri e hiahiatia ana, a ka taea te whakaheke, te whakakorikori ranei i te ma o te kakara.
4. Nga Ahuatanga mo te Ahumahi Kaikara me te Kakara
Ko te wahanga o te cis ki te trans isomer he tohu matua mo te kounga me te utu:
1. Natural Lactones (mai i te Miraka): Na te mea he 100% cis, kei a ratou te tino pono, te kaha, me te kakara reka. Ko ratou ano te utu nui na te utu nui o te tangohanga mai i nga puna miraka kau.
2. Kounga-Kounga-Teitei Hangaia Lactones: Ka whakamahia e nga Kaihanga nga tikanga matū matatau, tikanga enzymatic ranei hei whakanui ake i te hua o te inehe cis (hei tauira, te eke ki te 95%+). Ko te COA mo te lactone waihanga moni ka tohu i te ihirangi cis teitei. He tawhā nui tenei ka tirohia e nga kaihoko.
3. Ngā Lactone Hangarau Paerewa: He iti ake te ihirangi cis (hei tauira, 70-85%) e tohu ana he hua iti ake te para. He ngoikore, he iti ake te kakara, ka whakamahia i roto i nga tono ko te utu te kaitaraiwa tuatahi me te kakara o te kounga teitei kaore he mea nui.
Whakamutunga
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ehara te ōwehenga i te tau pūmau engari he tohu matua mo te takenga mai me te kounga:
· I roto i te taiao, he nui te piu o te wahanga ki te >99.5% cis-isomer.
· I roto i te whakahiatotanga, he rereke te owehenga, engari ko te ihirangi cis-isomer teitei e hono tika ana ki te kakara pai ake, te taiao, me te tino kaha ake.
No reira, i te wa e arotake ana i tetahi tauira oMiraka Lactone, ko te tauwehenga cis/trans tetahi o nga korero tino nui ki te arotake i runga i te Tiwhikete Tiwhikete (COA).
Te wa tuku: Sep-26-2025