He umanga tino aro ki te mākete te umanga kakara me te reka o tōku whenua, ā, he umanga whakauru-ao whānui. Kei Haina katoa ngā kamupene kakara me te reka, ā, he maha ngā hua kakara me te reka o te kāinga e kaweakehia ana i roto i te nui. Neke atu i te 20 tau o te whanaketanga, kua whakawhirinaki te umanga kakara me te reka o tōku whenua ki te auahatanga hangarau tonu, me te whakatairanga tonu i te whakaputa me te whakahaere, ā, kua tino whanake te umanga.
He rerekē ngā kakara ahumahi i ngā kakara matū o ia rā me ngā kakara kai. Ko ngā kakara ahumahi he kakara taratara, he ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, ā, he kakara roa. Ko te nuinga o ēnei e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā kirihou, rapa, paninga matū me ngā waituhi peita. Ka whakamahia hei taupoki i te kakara me te whakanui ake i te kakara kia pai ai te hoko.
He rauemi mata nui te kakara ahumahi hei tautoko i ngā hua kakara. Ko te hinu kakara te rauemi mata mō te whakaranu i ngā kakara; he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā kakara i roto i ngā ahumahi kai, inu, waipiro, hikareti, hopi horoi, whakapaipai, paraihe niho, rongoā, whāngai kararehe, kakahu me te hiako. Haunga te hinu kakara, ko te nui o te kakano i roto i ngā hua kakara rerekē he 0.3-3% noa iho, engari he mea nui ki te kounga o te hua, nō reira ka kiia te kakara ko te "wairua" o ngā hua kakara.
I raro i te arataki a te auahatanga pūtaiao me te hangarau, kua tutuki i te rangahau pūtaiao me te mahi mātauranga o te umanga kakara me te kakara o tōku whenua ngā hua whakamīharo. Hei tauira, ko te kura tuatahi o te Whare Wānanga Hangarau o Shanghai, he pai te hua o tana whakangungu kaimahi pūtaiao me te hangarau me ngā whakatutukitanga pūtaiao me te hangarau. Kua whakatūria e te kura te tūranga whakangungu taranata o te "whakangungu i ngā taranata hangarau taumata-teitei me te wairua auaha me te pūkenga mahi, me ngā miihini raina tuatahi tino pai me te tirohanga ā-ao", ā, kua whakatūria he "mahi ki te whanaketanga ōhanga me te pāpori ā-rohe, mahi ki ngā ahumahi tāone hou, me te mahi ki ngā umanga iti me te rahi. Ko ngā tāone me ngā umanga iti me te rahi, kei Shanghai te turanga, e anga atu ana ki te awa o Yangtze, e horapa ana puta noa i te motu, me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pāpori".
Ko te roa o te pupuri kakara o te hinu kakara he 3-15 marama te roa. Nā te mea he rerekē te tere o te mimiti o ngā momo kakara i roto i ngā hua rerekē, i runga i te momo me te hanganga o te momo kakara, ā, ko te hau e rere ana te hoariri o te kakara o te hinu kakara me te paura kakara, ka takaihia te hua kua oti, ka whakatakotoria ki roto i te pouaka. Mā te whakapaipai me ngā whakapiripiri i runga i te mata o te hua kua oti ka taea te whakaiti i te mimiti o te kakara i te wā e rongoatia ana, ā, ka roa ake te wā pupuri kakara o te hua.
Ko te tukanga tango hauhā waro tino whakahāngai e whakamahia ana hei tango i te hinu whakahāngai o te frangipani i hangaia i Laos. I taua wā anō, ka whakamahia te hangarau chromatography hau-spectrometry papatipu hei tātari i te hanganga matū o te hinu whakahāngai, e whakarato ana i te pūtake pūtaiao mō te whanaketanga whānui me te whakamahinga o te frangipani. Mā te rangahau whakamātautau, i whakatauhia e te rōpū rangahau pūtaiao ngā tikanga tukanga mō te tango wai hauhā waro tino whakahāngai o te hinu frangipani: te pēhanga tango 25Mpa, te pāmahana tango 45°C, te pēhanga wehenga I 12Mpa, me te pāmahana wehenga I 55°C. I raro i ēnei tikanga, ko te hua toharite o te tango he 5.8927%, he nui ake i te hua o te tango whakamātautau whakamaroke mamaoa o te 0.0916%.
He nui te pūmanawa whanaketanga me te wāhi mākete o te mākete kakara me te hinu kakara o Haina. Kua haumi, kua hanga wheketere hoki ngā kamupene kakara me te hinu kakara rongonui o te ao ki Haina. Nā tō rātou ingoa o te ao me ngā painga hangarau, kua nohoia e rātou te nuinga o ngā wāhanga mākete kakara me te hinu kakara o te motu, waenga ki te utu nui. I taua wā anō, whai muri i ngā tau maha o te whanaketanga, kua puta ake he maha ngā umanga hanga kakara me te hinu kakara tūmataiti o te motu. Mā te whakawhirinaki ki ō rātou mōhiotanga ki ngā kakara o te rohe, te kounga hua pumau, ngā utu hua whaitake, me ngā ratonga hangarau whakaaro nui, kua āta whiwhi ēnei umanga tūmataiti i te mana o ngā kiritaki waenga ki te utu nui, ā, kua piki ake tō rātou wāhanga mākete me te mōhiotanga waitohu i ia rā, i ia rā.
He ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, he kakara kaha, he roa te pupuri kakara, me ētahi atu. Whakamahia i roto i ngā hua kirihou, ngā hua rapa, ngā kirihou, ngā rauemi hū, ngā putea, ngā mahi ā-ringa, ngā kakahu, ngā takai hua, ngā putanga hau, ngā rūma hōtēra, ngā taonga o te whare, ngā tuhinga, ngā wāhanga o roto o te motuka, me ētahi atu. He tino ngāwari te whakamahi i roto i te tukanga whakaputa hua kirihou, kia pai ai te pānga pupuri kakara o ngā hua kirihou.
He rite te hanga me te whanaketanga o te umanga kakara me te kakara ki te whanaketanga o ngā umanga tautoko pēnei i te umanga, te inu, me ngā matū o ia rā. Nā ngā huringa tere o ngā umanga o raro iho i whakatairanga i te whanaketanga tonu o te umanga kakara me te kakara, me te whakapai tonu i te kounga o ngā hua, te piki haere tonu o te momo, te putanga me te hoko. Kua piki ake i ia tau. Hei whakarite i te tono nui o ngā umanga o raro iho me te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te mākete taonga kaihoko, me pēhea te whakatairanga i te panoni me te whakapai ake i te umanga kua noho hei raruraru noa mō te umanga.
Haunga ngā kamupene rongonui o tāwāhi i roto i ngā kamupene reka Hainamana, he ngoikore ngā rangahau taketake a ngā kamupene kāwanatanga, he iti ngā ihirangi hangarau, he uaua ngā tikanga whakahaere, ā, he ngoikore te mōhiotanga ki ngā ratonga, ā, kua puhoi, kua hoki whakamuri rānei te tere o te whanaketanga o nāianei. Nā te whakatenatena o ngā kaupapa here ā-motu o nāianei, kua tere te whanaketanga o ngā umanga tāone me ngā umanga tūmataiti. Nā ā rātou tikanga whakahaere ngāwari me ngā ratonga whakaaro nui, kua riro i a rātou te whakamoemiti mai i ngā kaiwhakamahi, ā, kei te whānui haere tonu tā rātou wāhi mākete. Heoi, mō te nuinga o ngā umanga tūmataiti, nā te ngoikore o ngā turanga ōhanga me te hangarau, te ngoikore o te mōhiotanga ki te waitohu, me te kounga hua kore pumau, ka tino arahi tēnei āhuatanga ki te whakakotahitanga o te umanga, ā, ka whakarato i te turanga mō ngā kaiārahi umanga kia nui ake, kia kaha ake.
Wā tuku: Maehe-06-2024